Climate Project

Geography 100 Second Term Project: effect of El Nino in the Vancouver Region This report is an account of my findings e very(prenominal)where the antecedent division up to this year on the personal effects of El Nino on surges in Vancouver. To take h middle-aged an impressive report, one moldiness include data of a diachronic nature, especi whollyy when the caseful is a phenomenon such as El Nino. The historical data is temperamented from various sources such as the Vancouver course take to the woods, BC Fishing and other such related sources. Since actual hands on examination of this worldwide phenomenon is slightly impossible, I did the around that was possible. I marked data point from various tide crowns and cross-referenced these numbers to historical data. 1. High marine t rain downs The 1997-98 El Niño increased ocean levels on the absolute soaring of British capital of South Carolina and all through with(predicate) and through the passing gam e of Georgia. sea levels at most ports in British capital of South Carolina, peculiarly Vancouver, were near 10 centimetres in a high-pitcheder place habitual in the summer of 1997, and were most 20 to 30 centimetres supra sane in the winter of 1997-98. In addition to El Niño, some(prenominal) other factors raise sea levels in winter. The nihilitys on the westbound slide generally increase sea levels by about 10 to 20 centimeters in winter. The gravitational suck up of the daydream and sun sets up lavishlyest tides in British Columbia in celestial analogue and January. The strongest sea level mature at express Atkinson (in West Vancouver, natter elude under) attri exclusivelyed to e actually El Niño in our records was observed in 1982-83. On declination 16, 1982, the observed postgraduate-pitched of 2.51 metres above look on sea level was the highest constantly. This high peeing was 0.9 metres above the normal tide, of which almost 0.2 metres domic iliate be attributed to El Niño effects, an! d the remaining 0.7 metres is cod to an intense storm. Two calendar months later, on 27 January 1983, recorded levels at auspicate Atkinson rose to 2.40 metres, the ivth part highest level recorded. During the 1997-98 El Niño, we did have high pissing tear downts on 16 declination 1997 and on 14 January 1998. perfect high miffed at Point Atkinson (relative to stringent sea level) Date (PST)          visor (m)         El Niño year? 16-Dec-82         2.51         yes 5-Dec-67         2.50         no 3-Jan-87         2.44         yes 27-Jan-83         2.40         yes 16-Dec-97         2.39 *         yes 24-Dec-57         2.38         yes 24-Dec-68         2.38         no 15-Dec-77         2.38         yes 9-Feb-78         Â 2.37         yes * remark -- The 16 celestial latitude 1997 height is unsanctioned at this time. 2. find ocean directs and El Niño Information · capital of Seychelles, BC: 1997/98 sloshed sea take aim Anomalies · Bamfield, BC: 1997/98 beggarly Sea Level Anomalies · Tofino, BC: 1997/98 think Sea Level Anomalies · Winter take for, BC: 1997/98 Mean Sea Level Anomalies · Prince Rupert, BC: 1997/98 Mean Sea Level Anomalies · 1997/98 Mean Sea Level Anomalies on the BC Coast · IOS El Niño gibe varlet · IOS El Niño Information Page 3. Warm piddle During strong El Niño events, such as 1957-58 and 1982-83, sea levels rise significantly and the chuteal waters become very much warm. The warm waters amaze in British Columbia from the south, and can be carried to our shores as a north travelling pulse of coastal water that begins its journey off Peru, and flows all along the coast of southwest and North America. During most El Niño historic period this pulse reaches southern California, and d! uring strong events this warm water reaches British Columbia. Warm waters ar also brought to our shores by stronger winds in El Niño winters. During a typical El Niño, the Aleutian low pressure system that develops all winter becomes even stronger, and increases the strength of winter winds from the south. These winds carry warmer water northward along the British Columbia coast. In the past, warm El Niño waters have altered the migration routes of Fraser River blueback salmon salmon on their return from the disjuncture of Alaska. In most summers future(a) an El Niño winter these sockeye swim northward around Vancouver Island, rather than southward through Juan de Fuca flip. In 1997, El Niño arrived earlier in the year, and Fraser River sockeye chose the northern migration route during El Niño, instead than in the by-line summer. In 1992 and 1993, warm El Niño waters brought mackerel to the west coast of Vancouver Island. These fish devoured teenaged salmon, and a te into the salmon stocks of the west coast of the island. In 1958, future(a) the 1957-58 El Niño, warm waters allowed the Japanese garner to spread all through the Strait of Georgia. 4. The 16 celestial latitude 1997 military issue The unofficial utmost height at Point Atkinson at 0744 Pacific old-hat clipping 16 December 1997 was 5.48 metres above chart datum, which is 2.39 metres above mean sea level, and 13 centimetres below the record high. Unofficially, this is the fifth highest ever recorded. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, hardly 15 years ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 16 Dec 1997 was 4.8 metres above chart datum, so the uttermost(a) was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the extreme was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at Point Atkinson go back to 1914. The table below includes the unofficial results for cardinal other sites. Extreme high waters for 16 Dec. 1997 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. tip (m)      !    Pred. aggrandisement (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.30         0.82         0.48 Patricia Bay         1.93         1.31         0.62 Pt. Atkinson         2.39         1.71         0.68 5. The 14 January 1998 Event The unofficial maximum height at Point Atkinson at 0709 Pacific Standard Time 14 January 1998 was 5.38 metres above chart datum, which is 2.29 metres above mean sea level, and 23 centimetres below the record high. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, about 15 years ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 14 Jan. 1998 was 4.7 metres above chart datum, so the extreme was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the extreme was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at Point Atkinson go back to 1914. The table below includes the unofficial results for two other sites. Extreme hig h waters for 14 Jan. 1998 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. Height (m)         Pred. Height (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.19         0.72         0.47 Patricia Bay         1.79         1.14         0.65 Pt. Atkinson         2.29         1.61         0.68 6. Record High Mean Sea Levels The following table gives the preliminary January 1998 Mean Sea Level value for the British Columbia coast. The one-month average sea levels at the following six ports were the highest ever recorded for any January: Victoria, Vancouver, Bamfield, Campbell River, Winter agree and Bella Bella. In addition, the one-month average sea levels at the following four ports were the highest ever recorded for any month: Victoria, Vancouver, Winter halt and Bella Bella.

Mean Sea Levels for January 1998 (Unofficial, relative to graph Datum) Location (Identifier)         Jan. MSL (m)          preliminary Jan. High (m)         Highest Jan. ever?         Previous monthly High (m)         Highest month ever? Victoria (7120)         2.270         2.252 (Jan 1914)         Yes         2.262 (Feb 1983)         Yes Vancouver (7735)         3.441         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes Bamfield (8545)         2.420         2.405 (Jan 1983)         Yes         2.424 (Feb 1983)         No Campbell River (8074)         3.241         3.235 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.272 (Feb 1983)         No Port robust (8408)         3.286         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No Tofino (8615)         2.514         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No Winter Harbour (8735)         2.646         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes Bella Bella (8976)         3.255         3.198 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.229 (Feb 1983)         Yes Prince Rupert (9354)         4.22 2         4.246 (Jan 1914)     !     No         4.246 (Jan 1914)         No Log live Geography hundred and one 97.10.21 First day. Not much happening. expert some Clouds, earlier bright I must say. Well, its about 10:30 and it silence is pretty sunny. Some be buy lotion starting, kinda thin clouds. It is getting warmer by a piddling bit. There is a slight wind but in addition little, by chance a breeze. Its noon forthwith, and its fluid chilly but bright outside, the clouds have moved on, postal decree exciting. Around 3:00, the wind is picking up very minuscule. Total coverage of the sky by clouds, very overcast. 97.10.22 So tired, too early in the morning to be doing this. It is quite warm for morning temperature. There is little to know wind, but the sky is cover with clouds. I think they are rain cloud clouds, look like it is ready to rain, nimbo stratus maybe. Or maybe cirus-Stratus. like a shot is warmer than yesterday. The self-coloured day w as cloud-covereddoh 97.10.23 Today is also warmer. Cloud covering is really different. counterbalance now there is little cloud covering. But then I can see clouds coming from different direction. Alto stratus cloud. Clouds are moving although you cant come across wind down here. Right now is noon, and I see no clouds, its is warm. About 3:00, and nothing exciting, same old but about half(a) the sky is covered. 97.10.24 Wahoo, last day to hot up up early to look at the sky. Oohhh, really cold. peddle is totally covered, clouds are pretty high though, mid-range maybe. Somewhat dark. immediately is about 10:20 and sky is cover in about lead quarters by clouds. The wind is colder and I can feel it blowing. 12:25, total sky is covered with dark clouds, doughnut clouds. But warmer. 2:40, same as noon. N.B. re-written from log which got wet and ink bled. Had to remember what happened, but still could read and deform to extrapolate what happened those days. If you want to ge! t a full essay, cabaret it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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